Breeders are constantly looking for opportunities to improve existing raspberry varieties. Their goal is to increase productivity and winter hardiness, improve the taste and appearance of berries. Unfortunately, not always obtained varieties fully satisfy their creators. This happened with the raspberry hat Monomakh - because of the lack of resistance to viral diseases, the authors stopped work on the variety. Nevertheless, the qualities of this variety were good enough to win the love of gardeners who continue to grow this raspberry on their sites.
The story of growing raspberries Monomakh hat
Remontant raspberry hat Monomakh appeared relatively recently. Bred by breeder V.I. Kazakov is a promising large-fruited variety. This variety is not included in the state register and work on it has been discontinued due to exposure to viral diseases. Nevertheless, this raspberry is grown by many lovers in Ukraine and Russia.
Grade description
Raspberry Hat Monomakh belongs to the late varieties (ripening in mid-August) and is a bush of medium height (about 1.5 m), consisting of three to four large shoots. In appearance, the bush resembles a tree because of the strong branching of the shoots and the drooping of their tops. The lower part of the stems is covered with hard, rarely spiked. On the fruiting part of the shoots, thorns are practically absent. Pore forming ability is low.
Bushes do not differ in high growth - no more than 1.5 m
The berries are very large, with an average weight of 6.5-7 g, occasionally reach a colossal mass of 20 g. The shape of the fruit is elongated-conical with a blunt end, the structure is dense, which allows the berries to easily transport.
Berries look very attractive - large, graceful shape and rich color.
The peel has a bright, rich ruby color and covers juicy flesh with a pleasant sour-sweet taste and a characteristic raspberry aroma. From the stem, the berries are separated with little effort.
Raspberry Hat Monomakh - video
Variety Characteristics
The Monomakh hat, like all other varieties, is characterized by a number of advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the variety include:
- high productivity - up to 5-6 kg of berries from 1 bush;
- extended fruiting period, allowing you to enjoy fresh berries for a long time;
- good winter hardiness (up to -25 aboutFROM);
- presentation and good taste of the fruit;
- resistance to transportation and storage;
- a small number of spikes provides ease of harvesting.
The disadvantages of the Monomakh Caps are quite numerous:
- quality of berries and productivity strongly depend on climatic conditions (in rainy cold weather the berries become watery);
- exactingness to soil conditions (change in acidity negatively affects the size of raspberries);
- lack of watering leads to the fading of berries;
- poor resistance to viral diseases, especially often affected by bushy dwarfism, otherwise called "loose".
Features of growing raspberries Monomakh hat
The success of the cultivation to a very large extent depends on the correct planting.
Landing rules
For planting raspberries the Cap of Monomakh, it is necessary to allocate a sunny area, the earth of which is warming up properly. The landing site should be protected from cold drafts, so it is better to plant raspberries in the southern part of the site under the protection of a fence or buildings. It should be remembered that the constant shading of raspberries is very undesirable.
Groundwater should lie no closer than 1.5 - 2 m from the surface of the earth, otherwise the root system of raspberries can rot.
The soil should have a neutral reaction, as the Monomakh Caps feature is acute sensitivity to acidity or alkalinity of the soil. Alkaline soils are acidified with peat, humus or fresh manure. To increase the acidity per unit pH, 10 kg / m is required2 humus or 3 kg / m2 fresh manure.
Deoxidation of the soil is carried out using materials containing lime: old cement, vegetable ash, dolomite flour, marl. It is necessary to introduce these substances with caution so that the soil does not acquire an alkaline reaction.
The acidity of the soil depends on its type. For planting the Caps of Monomakh, soddy clay soil or chernozem is best suited, other types of soil need either to be acidified or alkalized
Raspberries can be planted both in spring and autumn. Autumn planting (October) is more risky, as raspberries may not have time to take root before frost.
The author tried to plant repair raspberries using root shoots in mid-August to give her time to root. Planting of the shoots was carried out with all possible care - in the morning hours, in advance prepared, fertilized and moistened soil. Unfortunately, the weather was dry and hot almost until mid-September, and despite heavy watering, most of the bushes died. But the spring attempt was almost 100% successful.
Given the tendency of raspberries to viral diseases, planting material must be selected very carefully and purchased only from trusted suppliers. Raspberries can be propagated independently by the root shoot, although the Monomakh Hat forms a small amount.
Root shoots with some roots and an earthen lump are carefully separated from the uterine plant and transplanted to a new place.
To separate the root offspring, carefully expose the roots of raspberries, and then separate the offspring from the mother bush
A more common method of propagation of the Monomakh Caps is cuttings.
For propagation by green cuttings in spring, young shoots are expected to appear on the bush and when they reach a length of 5-6 cm, they are cut slightly below the surface of the soil, dug with an earthen lump and transplanted into a school or container with well-moistened nutrient soil. Usually the root system develops within a month.
Propagation of raspberries with green cuttings - video
For planting prepared raspberry seedlings, it is necessary to prepare pits or trenches in advance (width and depth of 30-40 cm), given that the distance between plants should be 0.7-1 m. Aisles should have a size of 1.5-2 m in order to provide each raspberry bush with the necessary ventilation and lighting.
Nutritious soil mixed with superphosphate (2 tablespoons) and ash (1/2 cup) is introduced into the planting pits.
A sapling with straightened roots is installed in a pit and the roots are covered with soil, densifying it in layers and making sure that the inter-root spaces are filled. The root neck should remain at ground level.
Planted bushes are watered at the rate of 1 bucket per plant, then the soil around the stem is mulched with humus, peat or a mixture of them (layer thickness 5 ... 10 cm).
Planting remontant raspberries - video
The basic rules of growing
For the full development of raspberries, watering, top dressing and soil care are important. The bush does not need to be formed, since its height is not too great, and the stems are strong enough not to need support. In areas with strong winds, just in case, you can tie the stems to a single-row trellis.
Watering for raspberries is very important, since with a lack of water, the size of the fruit decreases sharply, the berries become dry. But when the water regime is restored (regular watering every 15-18 days with deep wetting of the soil), the berries increase right before our eyes.
Raspberry dressing
Raspberries are fed 3 times per season with mineral and organic fertilizers. The first dressing is carried out before flowering, then - during the formation of the ovary and after harvesting. Mineral fertilizers need to be applied moderately - the soil oversaturated with nutrients is harmful to the plant.
Before feeding, you need to weed out the weeds and loosen the soil to a depth of 9-10 cm, being careful not to touch the roots.
Usually, minerals are added to the first feeding - they dissolve in a bucket of water three matchboxes of superphosphate and 2 matchboxes of potassium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, the bushes obtained by the mixture are watered.
Of organic fertilizers for Monomakh Caps, it is best to use a bird droppings infusion diluted with water in a 1:20 ratio. When using mullein infusion, the dilution ratio is 1:10.
A thick mulching layer of nutrients (humus or peat mixed with urea) can be placed around the bushes as fertilizer. This mulch needs to be updated after the harvest.
Topping up remont raspberries - video
Pruning bushes
Pruning raspberry bushes is usually carried out in the spring (removal of stems that have dried during the winter) and in the fall, after harvest (cut-off shoots are cut). Some gardeners spend the full pruning of raspberries for the winter, as in this form it is easier to cover with warming materials.
Since the Monomakh Hat is a repairing variety, it brings 2 waves of harvest: the first in mid-August and the second in autumn, in the second half of September. Unfortunately, in cold climates the berries of the second crop do not have time to ripen and, thus, the bushes show their productive capabilities only by half. In such conditions, it is not necessary to cut the bushes completely for the winter - you need to limit yourself to removing the stems that have proliferated. Then the young shoots next year will have time to form the first (and only for a cold climate) wave of the crop.
After harvesting, the prolific stem is cut to the root
In the southern regions, raspberries manage to give back both crops, but if you wish, you can conduct it as an annual crop, completely cutting the bush before the onset of cold weather. In this case, the crop will be one - autumn, on young shoots, but in terms of volume such a crop is usually not much inferior to the number of berries obtained "in two waves."
Pest and disease protection
Since the Monomakh Hat gives a late harvest, harmful insects rarely cause damage. Nevertheless, prophylaxis against raspberry beetle, raspberry fly and spider mite may not be out of place. First of all, it is necessary to keep the soil in raspberries clean from weeds and regularly loosen it to destroy pest larvae, as well as remove all plant debris.
Bushes against raspberry beetle can be treated with tansy infusion (1 kg of fresh tansy is boiled in 5 l of water for 0.5 hours, then diluted with infusion to 10 l), and Confidor and Spark preparations will help against raspberry flies and spider mites (spraying before flowering).
Raspberry Pest Control - video
A huge drawback of the Monomakh Caps is their tendency to be affected by viral diseases, especially “loose”, in which the bushes become dwarf, and the berries are smaller and crumble. Sometimes the virus does not affect the growth of bushes and a diseased plant can be determined only when a crop appears. Often, when the lesion is loose, yellowing of the leaf plate between the veins and the appearance of a pale yellow mosaic pattern are observed.
It is almost impossible to treat viral diseases. Ill bushes need to be dug up and destroyed. To prevent viral diseases, you need to fight aphids, nematodes and cicadas.
Gardeners reviews
Monomakh hat. The bush consists of 3-4 powerful, slightly wilted, highly branched shoots. Spikes are rare, but stiff, concentrated in the lower part of the stem. It is distinguished by unusually large berries (average weight - 6.5-6.9 g, maximum over 10-15 g, in gardener sections up to 20 g, the size of an average plum). The berries are elongated, bluntly conical, dense, ruby in color, satisfactorily separated from the base. The ripening of berries begins in mid-August; the fruiting period is extended. The potential productivity is very high - up to 5.5 kg of berries from the bush, however, before the start of autumn frosts, about half of the crop has time to ripen (2-2.5 kg from the bush).
YULY//dv0r.ru/forum/index.php?topic=9.msg44
Large-fruited repairing variety of selection of Kazakova I.V. The bush is low (1.5 m), in the form of a tree. Potential productivity is very high up to 5.5 kg of berries from the bush. The variety is demanding for increased care. Grade of the XXI century.
Dmitro, Donetsk//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1582&start=540
On my request for this variety I received from Evdokimenko S.N. (Deputy KAZAKOVA) such an answer: "Monomakh’s cap is not registered. He became very infected with the virus and we stopped propagating it. I think that in its pure form it is unlikely to be anywhere else."
maxinform1938//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1582&start=540
Raspberry Hat Monomakh with standard care will yield a wonderful crop if planted on neutral soil and well watered. A serious drawback is the tendency to viral diseases, but with the timely elimination of diseased bushes, this variety can well be grown and enjoy large and tasty berries.
